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Testing REST API integrations using WireMock

Learn how to create a Spring Boot application that integrates with external REST APIs, then test those integrations using Testcontainers and WireMock.

Java Testing with Docker

20 minutes

1

Create the project

2

Write tests

3

Run tests

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Create the Spring Boot project

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Table of contents

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Set up the project

Create a Spring Boot project from Spring Initializr by selecting the Spring Web and Testcontainers starters.

Alternatively, clone the guide repository.

After generating the project, add the REST Assured, WireMock, and WireMock Testcontainers module libraries as test dependencies. The key dependencies in pom.xml are:

<properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
    <testcontainers.version>2.0.4</testcontainers.version>
    <wiremock-testcontainers.version>1.0-alpha-13</wiremock-testcontainers.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
        <artifactId>testcontainers-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.wiremock</groupId>
        <artifactId>wiremock-standalone</artifactId>
        <version>3.6.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.wiremock.integrations.testcontainers</groupId>
        <artifactId>wiremock-testcontainers-module</artifactId>
        <version>${wiremock-testcontainers.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
        <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Using the Testcontainers BOM (Bill of Materials) is recommended so that you don't have to repeat the version for every Testcontainers module dependency.

This guide builds an application that manages video albums. A third-party REST API handles photo assets. For demonstration purposes, the application uses the publicly available JSONPlaceholder API as a photo service.

The application exposes a GET /api/albums/{albumId} endpoint that calls the photo service to fetch photos for a given album. WireMock is a tool for building mock APIs. Testcontainers provides a WireMock module that runs WireMock as a Docker container.

Create the Album and Photo models

Create Album.java using Java records:

package com.testcontainers.demo;

import java.util.List;

public record Album(Long albumId, List<Photo> photos) {}

record Photo(Long id, String title, String url, String thumbnailUrl) {}

Create the PhotoServiceClient

Create PhotoServiceClient.java, which uses RestTemplate to fetch photos for a given album ID:

package com.testcontainers.demo;

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Service
class PhotoServiceClient {

  private final String baseUrl;
  private final RestTemplate restTemplate;

  PhotoServiceClient(
    @Value("${photos.api.base-url}") String baseUrl,
    RestTemplateBuilder builder
  ) {
    this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
    this.restTemplate = builder.build();
  }

  List<Photo> getPhotos(Long albumId) {
    String url = baseUrl + "/albums/{albumId}/photos";
    ResponseEntity<List<Photo>> response = restTemplate.exchange(
      url,
      HttpMethod.GET,
      null,
      new ParameterizedTypeReference<>() {},
      albumId
    );
    return response.getBody();
  }
}

The photo service base URL is externalized as a configuration property. Add the following entry to src/main/resources/application.properties:

photos.api.base-url=https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com

Create the REST API endpoint

Create AlbumController.java:

package com.testcontainers.demo;

import java.util.List;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestClientResponseException;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
class AlbumController {

  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(
    AlbumController.class
  );

  private final PhotoServiceClient photoServiceClient;

  AlbumController(PhotoServiceClient photoServiceClient) {
    this.photoServiceClient = photoServiceClient;
  }

  @GetMapping("/albums/{albumId}")
  public ResponseEntity<Album> getAlbumById(@PathVariable Long albumId) {
    try {
      List<Photo> photos = photoServiceClient.getPhotos(albumId);
      return ResponseEntity.ok(new Album(albumId, photos));
    } catch (RestClientResponseException e) {
      logger.error("Failed to get photos", e);
      return new ResponseEntity<>(e.getStatusCode());
    }
  }
}

This endpoint calls the photo service for a given album ID and returns a response like:

{
  "albumId": 1,
  "photos": [\
    {\
      "id": 51,\
      "title": "non sunt voluptatem placeat consequuntur rem incidunt",\
      "url": "https://via.placeholder.com/600/8e973b",\
      "thumbnailUrl": "https://via.placeholder.com/150/8e973b"\
    },\
    {\
      "id": 52,\
      "title": "eveniet pariatur quia nobis reiciendis laboriosam ea",\
      "url": "https://via.placeholder.com/600/121fa4",\
      "thumbnailUrl": "https://via.placeholder.com/150/121fa4"\
    }\
  ]
}

Write tests with WireMock and Testcontainers »